New Mexico is one of the mountain states of the southern Rocky Mountains. The state's unique geography is characterized by a diverse range of landscapes, including desert, grasslands, and alpine mountains. The southern Rocky Mountains, which cover approximately one-quarter of the state, are a prominent feature of New Mexico's terrain. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, which stretch from the Colorado border to the city of Santa Fe, are the state's highest mountain range, with peaks reaching elevations of over 3962 meters. The Jemez Mountains, located to the west of the Rio Grande, are another prominent range, known for their volcanic origins and scenic beauty. New Mexico's mountains have played a significant role in shaping the state's history, economy, and culture. The mining industry, which dates back to the 19th century, has been a major contributor to the state's economy, with significant deposits of copper, silver, and gold found in the mountains. The mountains have also been an important source of timber, with the logging industry playing a significant role in the state's economy. New Mexico has six distinct vegetation zones that provide different habitats for many plants and animals due to its varied topography. These zones, which range from alpine tundra to desert grasslands, support a wide variety of flora and fauna that are adapted to the unique environmental conditions found within each zone. Black Bears, bobcats, cougars, deer, elk and Bighorn Sheep are found in areas above 2137 meters, and coyotes, jackrabbits, porcupines and Wild Turkeys live in less mountainous regions. The southeast is home to the iconic Roadrunner, the state bird.
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