Savai'i is the largest and highest island in Samoa and the Samoan archipelago. The island is the largest shield volcano of the South Pacific, with the last eruptions occurring in the early 1900s. The central region of the island contains the Central Savaiʻi Rainforest, which covers 72,699 hectares and is Polynesia's largest contiguous rainforest. It contains over 100 volcanic craters and most of Samoa's endemic flora and fauna, which makes it one of the world's most important conservation areas. The unique combination of geological and ecological features on Savai'i has created a habitat that supports an incredible array of biodiversity. The rainforest is home to many species of plants and animals found nowhere else on earth, among them the Samoa Flying Fox, terrestrial and marine birds, skinks and geckos. Samoa's bird life includes a grand total of 82 species, with 11 of these being endemic. The endemic birds found only on Savai'i are such species as the Samoan White-eye and the Samoan Moorhen. The Tooth-billed Pigeon, or Manumea, is another endemic and now becoming increasingly rare. It is considered the national bird of Samoa and is featured on some of the local currency. The island's rugged terrain and volcanic soil also support a wide range of plant species, from towering tropical trees to delicate orchids and ferns. In addition to its natural beauty and importance, Savai'i has significant cultural and historical significance to the Samoan people. The island is home to many ancient settlements, including the famous Pulemelei Mound, which is the largest ancient structure in Polynesia.
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