Lisbon

Lisbon

Pre-dating other modern European capitals by centuries, Lisbon is one of the oldest cities in the world and the second oldest European capital after Athens. It was founded by pre-Celtic tribes and later by the Phoenicians, and Julius Caesar turned it into a municipium under the name Felicitas Julia, attaching the term to the name Olissipo. From the 5th century it was ruled by a series of Germanic tribes, especially the Visigoths, after the fall of the Roman Empire. Later, in the 8th century, it was conquered by the Moors. It became the Portuguese capital from 1255, when it replaced Coimbra. From then on, the city became the political, economic and cultural hub of the nation. Throughout its rich history, Lisbon has been shaped by the diverse cultures that have occupied it, resulting in a unique blend of architectural styles, from the Moorish influences in the Alfama neighborhood to the grand, Baroque-style palaces of the 18th century. The city's strategic location on the Tagus River has also made it an important commercial and maritime hub, with the Port of Lisbon being one of the busiest in Europe. In addition to its historical significance, Lisbon is also known for its vibrant cultural scene, with numerous museums, galleries, and performance venues. The city is home to the National Pantheon, which honors Portugal's most important historical figures, as well as the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, which boasts an impressive collection of art and artifacts from around the world. The city's picturesque neighborhoods, such as Bairro Alto and Chiado, offer a glimpse into Lisbon's rich cultural heritage, with their picturesque streets, historic trams, and traditional Fado music.